Malicious PDF — malware analysis report

Static analysis result for SHA-256 d5bba65b1b414fd0…

MALICIOUS

PDF

199.7 KB First seen: 2026-05-08
MD5: 236ddde43115fdd131c95fed98800a2a SHA-1: 51f09ed4ea230a908061c520f63d601c6163fd78 SHA-256: d5bba65b1b414fd097537c8b6bf67d7d0895b45c86c3e1f08cb815390f6b4db8
78 Risk Score

🔏 Digital signature Modified after signing

A signature covers the whole signed byte range — PDF JavaScript is never signed on its own — and does not by itself mean the document is safe.

Malware Insights

MITRE ATT&CK
T1059.001 PowerShell T1204.002 Malicious File

The PDF file exhibits multiple heuristic firings related to embedded JavaScript and embedded files, indicating a malicious intent. Specifically, the presence of a large embedded JavaScript stream (stream_009_off00001283.js) suggests it is designed to perform malicious actions, likely downloading and executing a second-stage payload. The benign reputation of all extracted URLs reduces confidence in direct network-based indicators from the document itself, but the embedded script remains a high-priority indicator.

Machine Learning

  • Nyx PDF Classifier suspicious score 0.4322

Heuristics 9

  • Active content added after the PDF was signed medium PDF_SIGNATURE_POST_SIGN_MODIFICATION
    An incremental update appended AFTER the signed byte range introduces active content (/EmbeddedFile, /Catalog). Some of this can occur in legitimate form-fill (field scripts, a rewritten /Catalog), so it is suspicious rather than damning — but it is content the signer did not approve.
  • Embedded script payload in PDF stream medium PDF_EMBEDDED_SCRIPT_PAYLOAD
    PDF stream bytes contain an HTML/XFA <script> tag without accompanying Windows shell-execution primitives — common in accessible XFA forms but worth surfacing for analyst review.
  • Embedded file low PDF_EMBEDDED
    PDF embeds a file attachment — could carry an executable or another weaponised document as a nested payload
  • XFA form low PDF_XFA
    PDF uses XML Forms Architecture — can contain script logic
  • JavaScript action low 1 related finding PDF_JAVASCRIPT
    PDF contains a /JavaScript action. Generic JavaScript is common in benign forms; specific dangerous APIs are scored by separate rules. (matched inside decoded stream)
  • Embedded JS stream low PDF_JS
    PDF references a /JS stream. Generic JavaScript is common in benign forms; specific dangerous APIs are scored by separate rules. (matched inside decoded stream)
  • Object number defined twice with different bodies info PDF_DUPLICATE_OBJ_BODY_INCREMENTAL
    The same indirect object (N G) is defined more than once with different body bytes. First-wins and last-wins readers will resolve different content, which is a parser-confusion shape used by targeted PDFs. Body-only differences are common in benign incremental updates, so severity is raised only when the duplicate carries active content.
  • Suspicious extracted artifact info EXTRACTED_FILE_STATIC_TRIAGE
    One or more files extracted from inside this sample matched static suspicious-content checks such as script obfuscation, encoded payload blobs, packed data, or execution/download terms.
  • Embedded URL info EMBEDDED_URL
    One or more URLs were extracted from the document. The URL itself is not a detection — see the per-URL labels for which channel (macro, JS, link annotation, document body, ...) reached each URL.
    URL https://www.services-publics.lu/assistants/public-defo?ECITIZ_ACTIVITY_PATH=Usager&amp;ECITIZ_PROCESS_ID=MULT-DEFO&amp;FORM_TYPE_ID=AEV_VFE_FR In PDF document text
    • http://www.adobe.com/go/reader_downloadIn PDF document text
    • http://www.adobe.com/go/acrreaderIn PDF document text
    • http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#In PDF document text
    • http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/In PDF document text
    • http://ns.adobe.com/pdf/1.3/In PDF document text
    • http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/mm/In PDF document text
    • http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/In PDF document text
    • http://ns.adobe.com/xfa/promoted-desc/In PDF document text
    • http://www.adobe.com/go/acrIn PDF document text
    • http://cgi.adobe.com/special/acrobat/updateReferenced by PDF JavaScript
    • http://ns.adobe.com/xdp/In PDF document text
    • http://www.xfa.org/schema/xfa-data/1.0/In PDF document text
    • http://www.xfa.org/schema/xfa-form/2.8/In PDF document text
    • http://www.xfa.org/schema/xci/2.6/In PDF document text
    • http://www.xfa.org/schema/xfa-template/2.6/In PDF document text
    • http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlIn PDF document text
    • http://get.adobe.com/readerIn PDF document text
    • http://www.xfa.org/schema/xfa-locale-set/2.6/In PDF document text

Extracted artifacts 10

Files carved from inside the sample during analysis.

FilenameKindSourceSize
embedded_file_obj0068.bin pdf-embedded-file PDF EmbeddedFile object 68 at offset 0x30FBB 162 bytes
SHA-256: 8cd057c46ca34125f05fc172dab45f2c4cfeb0aa2b38ab5885e378f3c2738dff
embedded_file_obj0069.bin pdf-embedded-file PDF EmbeddedFile object 69 at offset 0x310AC 2333 bytes
SHA-256: d4ab38c0ca718b28059e0f9d8e117f158b67ce2e20df397af10601ee057fab53
embedded_file_obj0070.bin pdf-embedded-file PDF EmbeddedFile object 70 at offset 0x31343 2770 bytes
SHA-256: 2eda16ffd421cac9086f704659824a2ca290256582a01ee761b5ebaffe3f6600
stream_002_off00000350.js decompressed-pdf-stream PDF FlateDecoded stream at offset 0x350 1313 bytes
SHA-256: f94e41f586bf3f20bc1deeac4bfbda388a61db43f25fbd6304ba73f5653368cf
stream_003_off0000052e.js decompressed-pdf-stream PDF FlateDecoded stream at offset 0x52E 902 bytes
SHA-256: 1b2ec98752b966f601d5223a750559cf13d562ac5e5c6d1fcc7217835b01f5fd
stream_008_off00000f29.js decompressed-pdf-stream PDF FlateDecoded stream at offset 0xF29 1976 bytes
SHA-256: 772ac512746cb20de36e38c383a3c6323e8ef8340093296955c0ca0d15b2596c
stream_009_off00001283.js decompressed-pdf-stream PDF FlateDecoded stream at offset 0x1283 421393 bytes
SHA-256: 8b961deedb102094fc4de061c388022bbb7d3eb89a33675e6f2d9e6f3a7db2e6
Detection
ClamAV: No threats found
Obfuscation or payload: likely
3527 of 6124 identifiers look randomly generated (e.g. 'A000B000C000D000F00100011001200130014001'); 61 string-concatenation chain(s) — consistent with name-mangling obfuscation. Carved artifact contains 2 long base64-like blob(s).
stream_010_off0002aa36.bin decompressed-pdf-stream PDF FlateDecoded stream at offset 0x2AA36 5547 bytes
SHA-256: 02816c26df8d4b33210e88ed26c5bfdf92e8d642032c682bf9ab3c97429c88de
stream_011_off0002adb9.bin decompressed-pdf-stream PDF FlateDecoded stream at offset 0x2ADB9 121 bytes
SHA-256: 90938f9e3cdf6db2eeee31ed7c949f3b0952b799b670df73d2e56d31bfcc8d34
objstm_0039_00.bin pdf-objstm-decoded PDF /ObjStm 39 0 obj (inflated) 617 bytes
SHA-256: 1169f0f9bc256258f6996829c323c18d7282a5f67e2f08a102d981cb3b1247f4

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