Qbot — Office (OLE) / .XLS malware analysis

Static analysis result for SHA-256 d2bafd4cfbb632ff…

MALICIOUS

Office (OLE) / .XLS

88.0 KB Created: 2015-06-05 18:19:34 Authoring application: Microsoft Excel
MD5: ba29d969ec3358f096e1b93c4dd83d29 SHA-1: 71c62dfbb9fdd4c5e6ebf0826c32034a6f9ad1de SHA-256: d2bafd4cfbb632ff85d848810ea17e852cf6958ccc424913978ec3f16b9e1f95
262 Risk Score

Malware Insights

Qbot · confidence 95%

MITRE ATT&CK
T1059.005 Visual Basic T1204.002 Malicious File

The file contains Excel 4.0 macros, specifically an Auto_Open macro that executes dangerous functions like RUN. The macros reconstruct and reference three URLs: "https://omoaye.com.br/Z0U7Ivtd04b/r.html", "https://agoryum.com/lPLd50ViH4X9/r.html", and "https://mcdreamconcept.ng/9jFVONntA9x/r.html". ClamAV identified the file as Xls.Downloader.Qbot, indicating its purpose is to download further malicious content.

Heuristics 6

  • Excel 4.0 Auto_Open defined name critical OLE_XLM_AUTOOPEN_DEFINEDNAME
    oletools recovered an Auto_Open / Auto_Close entry from an Excel 4.0 macro sheet. The raw BIFF name can be tokenized or partially opaque to byte-string checks, but the recovered macro listing confirms the workbook has an XLM auto-execution entry.
  • XLM Auto_Open with dangerous formula APIs critical OLE_XLM_DANGEROUS_FN
    Excel 4.0 macro sheet contains an Auto_Open / Auto_Close entry and dangerous XLM formula APIs that can invoke programs, write files, or transfer control without VBA.
  • URL reconstructed from XLM cell array (3 URLs) critical OLE_XLM_CELL_ARRAY_URL
    Excel 4.0 macro sheet stages its payload URL across the BIFF8 Shared String Table (one quoted-char SST entry concatenated with & at runtime) or across individual numeric cells (one ASCII charcode per cell). The reconstructed URL is invisible to literal-bytes URL extraction because it is never contiguous in the workbook stream. URLs were recovered by walking the BIFF8 record stream and decoding SST entries plus LABELSST/RK/NUMBER cells.
  • ClamAV: Xls.Downloader.Qbot1120210-9905989-0 critical CLAMAV_DETECTION
    ClamAV detected this file as malware: Xls.Downloader.Qbot1120210-9905989-0
  • Excel 4.0 (XLM) macro sheet present medium OLE_XLM_AUTOOPEN
    Workbook contains an Excel 4.0 macro sheet sub-stream — XLM is rarely seen in modern legitimate workbooks and was a major Office malware vector during 2020-2022.
  • Embedded URL info EMBEDDED_URL
    One or more URLs were extracted from the document. The URL itself is not a detection — see the per-URL labels for which channel (macro, JS, link annotation, document body, ...) reached each URL.
    URL https://omoaye.com.br/Z0U7Ivtd04b/r.html
    • https://agoryum.com/lPLd50ViH4X9/r.html
    • https://mcdreamconcept.ng/9jFVONntA9x/r.html

Extracted artifacts 1

Files carved from inside the sample during analysis.

FilenameKindSourceSize
xlm_macros.txt
175c88275d2769f243323d3f337f5c775639b7bbb58bd6c6fd8f2eeae253ff50		 xlm-macro oletools.olevba.extract_all_macros (XLM macro listing) 11036 bytes

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